What is an IP Address ?

irfan_kolkata · 发表于 2019-05-25 21:33:03

Internet is a collection of thousands of computer networks with millions of computer across the world. That computer networks work together to exchange information.[br][br]Every device that’s connected to the internet uses some type of unique address called IP Address.(where IP stands for internet protocol).[br][br][br][br]

[br][br][br]So Why We Need An IP Address[br][br]IP Address is like your phone number that is uniquely defined to communicate with each others. In same way, computer needs unique addresses to exchange information which is known as IP Address[br][br][br][br]

[br][br]An IP Address consists of a set of four numeric parts, each separated by dots(.). For Example: 228.167.17.20 represents an IP address of a particular computer. Each part of an IP Address is called an octet. Each octet ranges from 0 to 255. In Binary, its represents as a 32 bits.[br][br]People prefer to use IP address in decimal place i.e. 200.44.55.69 whereas computers work with IP address in the binary form i.e.[br][br][br][br]

[br][br]With the exponential growth of internet , researcher found that 32 bits were not sufficient to handle all potential networks. So, internet community decided to create network address classes.[br][br]The network address classes are currently divided into 5 classes : Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E.[br][br]The classes A,B,C are widely used classes D,E are reserved for special purposes.[br][br][br][br]

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[br][br]2 IP addresses are decreased because they cannot be assigned to hosts, i.e. the first IP of a network is network number and the last IP is reserved for Broadcast IP.[br][br]Class A addresses are normally used by those organizations that needs to provide access to very large number of hosts. The highest order bit of class A is always set to 0 and remaining 7 bits is represents NetId and rest of 24 bits represents HostID. The maximum numbers of NetId in class A is 126 (27-2) and Host Id is 16777214 (224-2)[br][br]Class B addresses are normally used by those organizations that are medium sized. The highest order bit of class B is always set to 10 and remaining 14 bits is represents NetId and rest of 16 bits represents HostID. The maximum numbers of NetId in class B is 16384 (214) and Host Id is 65534 (216-2)[br][br]Class C addresses are normally used by those organizations that have small networks. The highest order bit of class C is always set to 110 and remaining 21 bits is represents NetId and rest of 8 bits represents HostID. The maximum numbers of networks and hosts connected to a possible in class C are 2097152 (221) and Host Id is 254 (28-2).[br][br]The class D and E has highest bits set to 1110 and 1111 respectively.